Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
Multiply Celsius by 9, divide by 5, then add 32. For example:
180°C × 9/5 + 32 = 356°F. A conventional oven at 180°C is therefore about 350–360°F in practical recipe language.
To go from Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. This is a temperature conversion, not the same calculation used for fan adjustment.
What 180°C means in a fan oven
If 180°C is the conventional setting, a common fan-oven equivalent is 160°C. That is about 320°F. The exact result depends on the oven and recipe. Some manufacturers recommend a 20°C reduction; others publish their own conversion guidance.
If a recipe already specifies a fan setting, do not reduce it again. The word fan changes the reference point.
Oven temperature reference table
| Gas Mark | Fahrenheit | Celsius conventional | Fan Celsius | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 275°F | 135°C | 120°C | Very cool |
| 2 | 300°F | 150°C | 130°C | Cool |
| 3 | 325°F | 165°C | 145°C | Warm |
| 4 | 350°F | 180°C | 160°C | Moderate |
| 5 | 375°F | 190°C | 170°C | Moderately hot |
| 6 | 400°F | 205°C | 185°C | Hot |
| 7 | 425°F | 220°C | 200°C | Very hot |
| 8 | 450°F | 230°C | 210°C | Very hot |
| 9 | 475°F | 245°C | 225°C | Extremely hot |
Why the numbers do not always line up
Gas Mark values, conventional Celsius, fan Celsius, and Fahrenheit are conventional kitchen scales, not perfectly synchronized scientific measurements. Manufacturers round to familiar settings. Home ovens can also run above or below the dial temperature.
Use an oven thermometer when baking is sensitive. A cake that is consistently dark on the outside and raw in the center may need a lower setting, a longer bake, or a different pan rather than a larger conversion correction.
Fan adjustment when scaling a recipe
Changing the serving count does not authorize a fan adjustment. Use the setting stated by the recipe first. A different fan speed or larger batch can affect browning and drying, but the correct oven change depends on the method and equipment, not just the ingredient multiplier.
The Recipe Converter never scales oven temperatures or cooking times. Those numbers are part of the method, not the ingredient formula.
Use the Recipe Converter for exact ingredient scaling, then handle the oven method separately.
Open the recipe converterRelated recipe tools
- Recipe Scaling Calculator for serving changes.
- Ingredient Converter for weight and volume.
- Convert Recipe to Metric for complete metric adaptation.
- Cups to Grams for ingredient weight references.